Pakistan Vs. Iran Military Strength: A Detailed Comparison

The rivalry between Pakistan and Iran has been a long-standing one, with both countries having a complex and often contentious relationship. While Pakistan is a major non-NATO ally of the United States, Iran has been a key partner of Russia and China, contributing to the growing tensions between the two nations. Given the troubled history between the two countries, a comparison of their military strengths and capabilities is a crucial aspect to examine. This article will delve into a detailed comparison of the military strength of both Pakistan and Iran, examining their defense forces, equipment, personnel, and defense spending.

As one of the most populous countries in the world, Pakistan has a significant military presence, with a land area of over 300,000 square miles and a population of over 216 million people. In contrast, Iran has a total area of approximately 636,372 square miles and a population of 83 million. However, when it comes to military spending, Iran edges out Pakistan, with a budget of $13.1 billion in 2020 alone, compared to Pakistan's $7.2 billion.

A key aspect of military strength is the number of active personnel, with Pakistan having an estimated 560,000 active personnel in its armed forces, compared to Iran's 520,000. Pakistan's armed forces are divided into the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Strategic Forces Command, while Iran has the Army, Navy, and Air Force, with a reserve force of around 150,000 personnel.

**Land-based Forces**

In terms of land-based military capabilities, both Pakistan and Iran have a significant armored presence, with the latter being one of the largest in the world. Iran's armed forces possess over 1,700 main battle tanks, primarily consisting of the M-48 Patton and T-72, while Pakistan operates around 2,400 tanks, including the Al Khalid and T-80UD variants. However, Pakistan's tank fleet is more technologically advanced, with improved firepower and higher mobility. Iran's armored forces have struggled with maintenance and logistical issues due to the U.S.-led economic sanctions, which have severely hampered the supply of spare parts.

Pakistan has a significant advantage in artillery capabilities, boasting over 1,500 artillery pieces, including towed and self-propelled guns, such as the PzH 2000, in contrast to Iran's around 800 pieces. Moreover, Pakistan's artillery modernization efforts have been concentrated over the past few years, resulting in the acquisition of advanced systems. When it comes to air defense, Pakistan has a considerable missile defense system, consisting of vertically launched defense systems (VLAS) and short-range surface-to-air systems (SRSAM), while Iran relies heavily on its Tor system and Chappar surface-to-air system.

**Naval Forces**

When it comes to naval capabilities, both Pakistan and Iran have a significant naval presence, with Pakistan's Joint Maritime Command consisting of three submarine, four destroyer, and seven frigate classes, including some ex-US Navy ships acquired in the 1990s. Iran also possesses around 40 submarines, destroyers, and frigates, mostly Russian-made but with some domestically produced vessels. However, the main issue for Pakistan is the decaying state of its submarines, while Iran enjoys relatively strong submarine capabilities. Another major difference lies in the aspects of air power and anti-submarine warfare capabilities between the two countries.

**Air Power**

Air power is the cornerstone of military capabilities for both nations, and their air force compositions differ significantly. Pakistan Air Force stands out with its over 800 operational aircraft, predominantly consisting of fast jets and strike aircraft, such as F-5s, while Iran operates a much smaller fleet of around 600, but boasts significant strategic superiority due to the presence of long-range Shahabe Thani bombers that resistance against opposing sea target.

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